Your Rights
Rights matter most in the moment they are tested. Each guide starts from what is happening, sets out what the law protects, and says plainly when the situation needs a qualified lawyer.
Rights guides
Every guide names the instrument it relies on and the date it was last reviewed.
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You are stopped on the road or in a public place
The Constitution protects your dignity and personal liberty during any encounter. Understand what you can ask, what you should carry, and how to keep an ordinary stop from escalating.
SourceConstitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) — Chapter IV, sections 34 and 35
Read the guideA person has been taken into custody
Section 35 guarantees personal liberty and sets out when a person must be brought before a court. The Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 adds procedural safeguards worth understanding before you need them.
SourceAdministration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 — Read alongside Constitution 1999 (as amended), s. 35
Read the guideA person is in custody and release is being discussed
Bail is a conditional release while a case continues. It is decided by an authorised officer or a court, it is not a payment for freedom, and it is not a finding about guilt.
SourceAdministration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 — Read alongside Constitution 1999 (as amended), s. 35
Read the guideAn organisation is collecting information about you
Section 37 protects the privacy of citizens, their homes and their correspondence. The Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 builds on it with duties for anyone processing personal data.
SourceNigeria Data Protection Act 2023 — Read alongside Constitution 1999 (as amended), s. 37
Read the guideSomething has changed about your job or your pay
Your written contract, the Labour Act and workplace policy together shape what your employer may and may not do. Know which document governs which question.
SourceLabour Act, Cap L1 LFN 2004
Read the guideYou are facing a charge, a claim or a disciplinary process
Section 36 guarantees a fair hearing within a reasonable time. It shapes court process, and its principles echo through tribunals and internal proceedings too.
SourceConstitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) — Chapter IV, section 36
Read the guideA product failed or a service was not delivered
The Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018 sets out consumer protections and establishes the FCCPC. Knowing the route to complain matters as much as the right itself.
SourceFederal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018
Read the guide